Two terms you’ve likely come across, especially if you have an older phone, are CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications). GSM was initially introduced in Finland in 1991, while CDMA networks followed shortly after. For decades, these two competing standards defined how mobile phones connected to carrier networks around the world – and understanding the difference still matters if you’re shopping for a used or older device.

GSM has long dominated the global landscape, holding approximately 82% of worldwide market share and operating in more than 200 countries. CDMA, by contrast, accounts for less than 20% of global wireless networks and was largely concentrated in the United States, parts of Asia, and a handful of other markets. As of 2026, both technologies are firmly in their legacy period: AT&T shut down its 3G network in February 2022, T-Mobile shut down its 3G CDMA (Sprint) network in March 2022, and Verizon completed its 3G CDMA shutdown in December 2022. If your phone relies solely on one of these older networks, it is no longer able to make calls or access data.

Whether you’re looking to swap carriers and need an affordable device or you’re considering an upgrade but don’t want to pay retail prices, your prospective phone’s connectivity and capabilities still matter. That’s why it’s worth understanding what CDMA and GSM were, how they differed, and what their shutdown means for anyone still holding onto an older handset.

What is GSM? 

GSM, or Global System for Mobile Communications, and CDMA came as part of the second generation of wireless technology, or the 2G era, which expanded greatly in the 1990s. Initially introduced in Finland in 1991, GSM promised a secure network connection, accessory and handset compatibility, and an extensive coverage area. Contrary to CDMA, GSM is a time division system, as opposed to a code division process.

Though this technology is much older than most people guess, it’s still in use to some degree worldwide. Even as global connectivity standards have improved – including widespread 4G LTE and continued 5G expansion – plenty of users still rely on legacy devices, especially in developing nations. Unlike CDMA phones and newer options like LTE (Long Term Evolution) and 5G, GSM devices are straightforward to spot because they rely on SIM cards.

After GSM replaced first-generation technology, including 1G NMT devices, it became a dominant industry standard – today holding approximately 82% of global market share compared to CDMA. GSM is available in more than 200 countries, while CDMA accounts for less than 20% of global wireless networks. GSM networks use a frequency band of 900, 1800, or 1900 MHz, and they are typically divided into cells, each of which is served by a base station, with a maximum cell site range of 120 km. GSM phones can roam internationally, meaning they can be used in any country with a GSM network.

It’s worth noting that although GSM came first, it also evolved faster. CDMA requires more processing power than GSM since it’s a full-on code-division system. As code division proved flexible and capable, new systems emerged from base GSM technology, such as “3G GSM,” wideband CDMA tech, or WCDMA – sometimes also referred to as UMTS, a Universal Mobile Telephone System. That said, the 3G era is now firmly behind us: AT&T shut down its 3G network in February 2022, T-Mobile shut down its 3G CDMA (formerly Sprint) network in March 2022, and Verizon ended its 3G CDMA network in December 2022.

What is CDMA? 

CDMA, or Code Division Multiple Access, is a digital cellular technology that smartphones relied on primarily during the 2G and 3G eras. As the name suggests, Multiple Access refers to the band’s capacity to carry multiple signals on one transmission channel simultaneously, which helped boost available bandwidth for connected devices.

CDMA’s 1xRTT technology could provide speeds of up to 144 Kbps, and while faster CDMA variants existed, most major carriers chose to prioritize expanding their 4G LTE networks toward a global standard rather than continuing to invest in CDMA infrastructure.

Unlike GSM phones, CDMA phones traditionally did not utilize SIM cards and were typically locked into a carrier-specific plan. This made switching carriers far less convenient compared to GSM devices, which simply required swapping a SIM card. CDMA never achieved the same global adoption as GSM, which today holds approximately 82% of global market share and is available in more than 200 countries, while CDMA accounts for less than 20% of global wireless networks.

CDMA is now largely a thing of the past in the United States. AT&T shut down its 3G network in February 2022, T-Mobile shut down its acquired Sprint CDMA 3G network in March 2022, and Verizon officially ended its 3G CDMA network in December 2022. As a result, any devices that relied solely on CDMA networks are no longer able to connect to cellular service, and carriers have fully transitioned their customers to 4G LTE and 5G networks.

Which digital system is better? 

You could ask this question on certain electronics and tech forums and stir up a lively debate about CDMA vs. GSM. While CDMA led to some meaningful advances, GSM ultimately dominated the global landscape, capturing approximately 82% of worldwide market share compared to CDMA’s less than 20%. GSM was available in more than 200 countries, and even back in 2007, it already held around 80-85% of the 2G market. Though each system still has its place in smartphone history, the truth is they’re both now fully retired technologies with well-documented limitations.

Since GSM’s introduction in Finland in 1991, it struggled with multiple access lines on one channel, leading to lower call quality and an infamous buzzing noise whenever GSM devices came too close to speakers. On the other hand, while CDMA’s 1xRTT technology offered speeds of up to 144 Kbps — faster than GSM’s slower GPRS data bandwidth — it still ran into significant speed limitations that couldn’t keep pace with the demands of modern video streaming, calling, and MMS. GSM also had a fixed maximum cell site range of 120 km, expanded from an older limit of 35 km, which gave it a broader geographic reach than many CDMA deployments.

CDMA and GSM also led to differing amounts of carrier control over the consumer. Networks like T-Mobile and AT&T made switching SIM cards between devices much easier due to GSM standards. Verizon, by contrast, relied heavily on CDMA technology, which made it especially difficult for customers to switch devices or carriers freely. All three major U.S. carriers have since shut down their legacy 3G networks entirely — AT&T ended its 3G network in February 2022, T-Mobile shut down its Sprint CDMA 3G network in March 2022, and Verizon retired its 3G CDMA network in December 2022.

Modern digital systems like 4G LTE and 5G networks have rendered these old debates largely irrelevant. Switching devices, transferring carriers, and trying new plans is far easier today. While plans may come at a premium for perks like unlimited high-speed data, they offer customers significantly more freedom and flexibility than anything CDMA or GSM could ever provide.

Should you invest in a GSM or CDMA phone? 

Even though both CDMA and GSM are on their way out for good, millions of individuals still use these legacy digital systems every day. Though more and more people continue to switch to modern bands and networks, people in countries with slower infrastructure development may not have consistent or reliable 4G or 5G connectivity.

However, the reality of using legacy networks is a little more complicated. Major U.S. carriers have fully shut down their 3G networks, with AT&T ending its 3G service in February 2022, T-Mobile shutting down Sprint’s legacy 3G CDMA network in March 2022, and Verizon closing its 3G CDMA network in December 2022. Some carriers have left basic 2G service intact in limited capacities, but for most users, 3G is definitively gone. This has created real pressure for anyone still holding onto older handsets, and the “Switch or lose service” warnings that carriers issued for years have now fully materialized for 3G users.

Beyond network shutdowns, smartphones from the CDMA and GSM era simply don’t hold up well anymore. If you’re still working with one of these older devices, you’ve likely noticed degraded battery performance, connectivity issues, and trouble with basic calling and messaging. App developers have also largely stopped supporting older operating systems, meaning you may struggle to run even everyday applications.

It’s worth noting that GSM was always the dominant global standard, holding roughly 82% of global market share compared to CDMA, and remaining available in more than 200 countries. CDMA, by contrast, never accounted for more than about 20% of global wireless networks. Regardless, both technologies are now largely obsolete in markets with modern infrastructure, as 4G LTE and 5G have taken over as the global standard.

If you want a smartphone that will perform reliably over the next several years without service interruptions or compatibility headaches, upgrading to a 4G or 5G device is the clear move. As of 2026, 5G has matured considerably and is now widely available across most major markets. While 4G LTE remains a safe and functional choice in many parts of the world, 5G coverage has expanded rapidly, and investing in a 5G-capable device is increasingly the smarter long-term decision rather than a premium splurge.

Depending on your budget, a certified refurbished device can be a practical way to save money while still getting a capable modern phone. Pre-owned 4G or 5G devices can often be found at a significant discount compared to the latest flagship models, making it easier to step away from legacy networks without breaking the bank.

Looking even further ahead, 6G development is already underway globally, though widespread consumer availability is not expected until the early 2030s at the earliest. That means a 5G device purchased today should remain relevant and well-supported for many years to come, making it a solid investment for anyone looking to future-proof their connectivity.

Gazelle can help you find your next upgrade. 

Learning the ins and outs of smartphone technology is no small feat. Major carriers have already shut down their legacy 3G CDMA and GSM networks – AT&T ended its 3G network in February 2022, T-Mobile shut down Sprint’s 3G CDMA network in March 2022, and Verizon ended its 3G CDMA network in December 2022 – meaning older devices that relied on those networks are no longer functional. If you’re still holding onto an outdated smartphone, now is the time to upgrade.

Gazelle offers dozens of different refurbished and lightly used electronics, including the newest smartphones like the iPhone 16 Pro Max and the Galaxy S25 Ultra. Our certified pre-owned devices must pass a rigorous 30-point inspection, and we provide top-notch customer service to help you make the most of your new device. Plus, you get the satisfaction of knowing that buying renewed electronics helps to keep e-waste out of landfills. When you’re ready to find your next smartphone, look to Gazelle.

The post CDMA vs. GSM — What They Mean and Why They Matter Scott Strandberg appeared first on Gazelle The Horn.

Tech Bags

Whether your grad is out and about on a job hunt or backpacking freely, a decent bag or briefcase is always a sound gift. For the business grad, we suggest a functional yet modern briefcase or messenger bag. Several business bags come standard with an array of dividers, pockets, and sometimes even a separate battery-controlled charger for tech. For the adventurous scholar, a solid backpack with a laptop compartment will keep their tech safe and snug. Be sure to ask your grad what size laptop they have if this is the route you’re going.

Upgraded Technology

If there’s something that any grad understands, it’s the importance of entering the workforce with essential tech. This gives your grad a great advantage over the other candidates. A smartphone is almost a given for any entry-level professional, especially a reliable one. Gifting a laptop presents your grad with an array of possibilities, all while maintaining value and lasting for years to come. Gazelle sells an assortment of high quality, gently used MacBooks and smartphones that will help you save and aid your student to grow.

Smart Jewelry

Thinking of gifting your grad with jewelry for graduation? Why not make it smart jewelry? You’re probably most familiar with Fitbits and Apple Watches. There is now a plethora of smart accessories available with several styles and functions. Ringly is one company on the rise, creating smart rings and smart bracelets that signal a gentle buzz for notifications. These are optimal for those who have a tendency to constantly check their phones. This is something that could prove to be negative in an important interview or meeting. If Ringly is a little too flashy, Motiv has simple and discrete bands that provide the same service.

Wireless Headphones

No matter what profession your grad is seeking, a solid pair of headphones can prove to be a substantial grad gift. This one is a little more dependent on personal preferences. For example, a student who’s constantly on the move may choose a pair of wireless Bluetooth headphones over a pesky wired set. Other considerations include earbuds or over-the-ear, sound and microphone capabilities. Nonetheless, here are some sweet selections to get you started.

Tech Gifts Under $50

For the tech gifts that are lighter on the ol’ wallet, there’s a large number of products that can still benefit your grad immensely. For the music lover, Chromecast Audio can adapt any old wired audio system into wireless for only $35. High-powered USB chargers come in handy for more than a handful of reasons as well. Other gifts that you can score under $50 include speakers, trending instant cameras, phone accessories and much more.

Don’t forget to check out our huge inventory of gently used iPhones, MacBooks, iPads and more!

The post Tech Gifts that Your Grad Will Actually Use! Gazelle Labs appeared first on Gazelle The Horn.

The bulk buy program is a simple, secure, and responsible way to dispose of bulk devices. It provides both individuals and companies a chance to sell their used devices in an efficient and profitable manner, all while utilizing the highest security standards.

Who can take advantage of the bulk buy program?

If you have 10 devices or more, you’re eligible for the bulk buy program! Simple as that.

So how is it done?

1. Visit https://www.gazelle.com/business and submit your contact and device info.
2. Our account executive reaches out with a custom price quote.
3. We send you a prepaid shipping label and take care of your shipping costs.
4. You get paid by check or wire transfer.

Does Gazelle buy back all personal devices?

Currently, Gazelle only buys back devices that are accepted on the site. Visit our trade-in site to check out the sellable tech we accept.

What about personal information on the devices?

We wipe each device completely clean of any data. We also work closely with law enforcement and uphold the highest priority of security.

With honest pricing, convenient service, and the highest security standards, Gazelle is ready to assist with any of your bulk devices.

The post Gazelle Bulk Buy Program Gazelle Labs appeared first on Gazelle The Horn.

1.  Drop Everything

Whether you’re viewing an Excel spreadsheet for work or a PDF for music rehearsal, Dropbox is the go-to organizer for the cloud. With the Dropbox app on your iPhone or iPad, it’s much easier to share files for those who may not have iCloud or Google accounts. Fewer clicks to share means it’s more likely someone might actually read those long attachments. Plus, you get 2GB of storage for free!

2.  Learn Something New

Khan Academy has been rapidly moving its way from the virtual classroom to our living rooms. With more than 10,000 free instructional videos, the new Khan Academy app can turn any moment into a learning moment. Why not download this personal tutor for your child instead of a mind-numbing choice like Candy Crush? Keep learning alive for kids and adults alike during the bleak mid-winter.

3.  Strategize Your Way to Victory

One of the best reasons to own a tablet is the quality tabletop games that have made their way into the App Store. BattleLore: Command has been holding my interest with its challenging-but-fair brand of turn-based strategy. If you’re someone who likes to pause before you swing your sword, BattleLore may be the thinking man’s game for you. A 2015 review assures everyone (as can I!) that it’s easy to learn and play.

4.  Never Get Lost

Sorry, Apple Maps – though you’ve improved dramatically and are now better integrated with Siri, Google Maps still reigns because of Google’s massive information infrastructure. Though the gap has narrowed between these fierce competitors, I still choose Google for transit directions and for surprising new features – like alerts telling me when I should leave in order to make it to my destination on time.

5.  Cook Up a Storm

If you love cooking like me, or even if learning is your New Year’s resolution, the Epicurious app is my go-to for both weeknight dinners and fancy dinner parties. With a precise filter as well as an eye for more exotic ingredients, Epicurious has something for both beginning and master chefs. I prefer it over the more traditional Food Network and Real Simple apps that also live on my home screen.

There’s more than five ways to meet your New Year’s resolutions, but these apps will help you in most areas of your life throughout 2016.

Image courtesy of Flickr.

The post Five Apps to Help Meet Your New Year’s Resolutions Adam Edgerton appeared first on Gazelle The Horn.

1. The Apple iPhone

Although kids tend to prefer the latest and greatest editions to show off to their friends, any iPhone color or model will do. Right now that’s the iPhone 6 or iPhone 6 Plus, both of which are well-reviewed and come with the benefit of Apple’s tight security architecture for parents’ piece of mind. For kids, though, the allure lies in the iPhone’s slick body design and access to the largest collection of games and apps available. In addition, the interface is clean and simple, making it easy for kids to learn to use and for parents to jump in and help if they run into problems. For an even smarter and cheaper solution, check out Gazelle’s certified iPhones.

2. The Samsung Galaxy

Samsung’s line of Galaxy smartphones draw consistently positive reviews and are one of the few phone lines to make a dent in Apple’s market share, especially for kids. The line offers a few solid benefits: One of the fastest processors on the market, a great-looking 5.1-inch screen and one of the best smartphone cameras available. If your kid is the creative type, the Android OS offers more opportunities than iOS for them to customize the look of their device. The Galaxy S5 is IP67 certified, meaning it’s resistant to both dust and moisture, protecting it from even the clumsiest kids.

3. The Lumia 365

This Windows phone isn’t the flashiest smartphone for kids, but it does come with a few nice features. The 4.5-inch screen is more than adequate, the case body is slick and modern-looking, and it provides the familiarity of a Windows OS. The Microsoft MyFamily tool lets you manage what kids download and view on their phones.

4. The Kyrocera Duraforce

Is your child a klutz? Do they like dropping things in water or stepping on them to see what happens? If so, the Duraforce may be the perfect solution. This 4.5-inch Android phone is as rugged as they come, sporting both dust and water protection so less-than-graceful kids can still enjoy the benefits of a great mobile device. The phone is also 4G-ready and powered by a Qualcomm Snapdragon processor, making it capable of handling your child’s need for videos, games and social media interactions.

Looking for the best smartphones for children? Whether you’re buying new or considering a refurbished phone, there are some great options on the market. At the top of the hill are familiar devices like the iPhone and Samsung Galaxy line, simple phones like the Lumia 365 and more-rugged options like the Kyrocera Duraforce. Simply put, you won’t be starved for choice in today’s smartphone market.

Which smartphones are your children asking for?

Image courtesy of Flickr

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The post The Top Four Smartphones for Children Doug Bonderud appeared first on Gazelle The Horn.

Google to focus more on Android and home tech?

Google, who purchased Motorola nearly 2 years ago for $12.5 billion, claims they did not have the resources or time to make the company properly flourish. Many analysts claimed at the time of purchase, that the investment by Google was primarily focused at the company’s vast patent portfolio.

Google CEO Larry Page said in a statement:

“Lenovo has the expertise and track record to scale Motorola Mobility into a major player within the Android ecosystem. This move will enable Google to devote our energy to driving innovation across the Android ecosystem, for the benefit of smartphone users everywhere.”

Google will keep a majority of Motorola Mobility’s patent portfolio, while Lenovo will receive a license to the intellectual property. This includes ownership of some 2,000 patent assets, the Motorola Mobility brand and trademark, and the vendor’s future product roadmap. “The acquisition of such an iconic brand, innovative product portfolio and incredibly talented global team will immediately make Lenovo a strong global competitor in smartphones,” said Yang Yuanqing, Lenovo chairman and chief executive.

As for Motorola, the company says they will continue to produce forward thinking handsets and use Lenovo’s expertise in hardware to deliver more powerful models that reach all corners of the globe.

Dennis Woodside, CEO of Motorola Mobility said:

“As part of Lenovo, Motorola Mobility will have a rapid path to achieving our goal of reaching the next 100 million people with the mobile Internet. With the recent launches of Moto X and Moto G, we have tremendous momentum right now and Lenovo’s hardware expertise and global reach will only help to accelerate this.”

Lenovo buys Motorola for its iconic brand

As one of the leading smartphone makers in China, Lenovo will use the Motorola iconic brand to expand its presence in other markets, especially the U.S. and Latin America. Lenovo currently sits fifth in the world when it comes to global smartphone market share according to the latest report form IDC. The rankings from IDC have Samsung in the lead with a 31.3 percent market share of shipments; followed by Apple with 15.3 percent; Huawei Technologies Co. with 4.9 percent; LG Electronics Inc. with 4.8 percent; and Lenovo with 4.5 percent.

At the end of the day this deal was all about Android – and money of course. It was over two years ago when Page said Google originally acquired Motorola to help “supercharge” the Android ecosystem by creating a stronger patent portfolio. Well, pass some of that portfolio on to someone who really knows hardware, and you may have a winner. Lenovo is already currently producing some of the best smartphones in China, and Motorola some of the best in The Americas. An innovative new product could bring a plethora of new high-end or low cost devices to consumers everywhere.

via: The Verge

image – softpedia

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The post Lenovo Buys Motorola from Google for $2.91 Billion appeared first on Gazelle The Horn.

Prescription Lenses First Order of Priority

Prescription lenses have been users’ most requested feature in the beta version of Google’s face wear. “If we had a nickel for every time someone has asked about prescription lenses for Glass . . . well, we’d have a lot of nickels,” the Google Glass blog explains.

Critics of the less-than-appealing design of the first Glasses will also be pleased to hear that the new version will be available in four frames, according to CNN. The new line will be made of titanium, with four options for inner color tints, and come in shapes titled Bold, Split, Curve, and Thin. Sunglasses are also in the cards.

The Google Glass hardware, which can accomplish a number of tasks including shooting video, taking pictures and projecting internet content, is expected to remain the same with no update anticipated in the near future. The design of the Glass hardware is modular, so the more fashionable frames will be compatible with pairs of Google Glasses already in use. The new frames are expected to be released in late 2014.

Insurance Deal to Help with Cost

Google has struck a deal with insurance provider Vision Service Plan to help lessen the price of the prescription lenses. However, insurance reimbursements will offset the cost of the lenses and frames only, not the Google Glass device itself, which will still cost $1,500. The frames will cost $225, and sunglasses will run $150.

Google Glasses are not yet accepted everywhere, with users running into trouble for wearing the Glasses while driving or at movie theaters, reports CNN. Adding prescription lenses may complicate this, as wearers will not be able to take off the glasses without restricting their vision. Google appears confident that these issues will iron themselves out, with Google Glass spokesperson Chris Dale commenting, “I think you need to give the technology a chance to breathe and evolve.”

Going forward, there is the chance that Google will partner with different eyewear companies to produce Glass-compatible lenses and frames, so that users will have an even wider choice of styles.

Would you consider buying Google Glass with the new frame style?

Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

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